=== References ===

== Cases ==
  * Northwest Landowners Ass'n v. State [[https://www.courtlistener.com/c/nd/2022/150/|2022 ND 150]]
  * Hale v. State, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/c/nd/2012/148/|2012 ND 148]]
  * City of Jamestown v. Leevers Supermarkets, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/c/nw2d/552/365/|552 N.W.2d 365]]  (N.D. 1996)
  * Grand Forks-Traill Water Users v. Hjelle, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/c/nw2d/413/344/|413 N.W.2d 344]] (N.D. 1987)
  * Donaldson v. Bismarck, [[https://cite.case.law/nw2d/3/808/|3 N.W.2d 808]] (1942) ("This guarantee is broader than the guarantee of the Fifth Amendment ... the owner is as much protected against his property being damaged as against his property being taken.")
  * Martin v. Tyler, [[https://cite.case.law/nd/4/278/|4 N.D. 278]] (1894) ("[This section] was copied literally from section 14, art. 1, of the constitution of California adopted in 1879.")

== Prior Versions ==
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?rev=1594316307|1889]]
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?rev=1594316421|1956]]
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?rev=1594316462|1982]]
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?do=revisions|Compare text between versions]]

== Parallel provisions ==
  * [[https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-v/fifth-amendment-takings-clause-richard-a-epstein-and-eduardo-penalver/clause/4|U.S. Const. amend. V]] ("nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation")
  * Original source for 1889 provision was Constitutions of Montana (and others)

== Convention references ==
  * Debates {{:conv:1889_proceedings_and_debates_of_the_constitutional_convention.pdf#page=386|386}}
  * Debates {{:conv:1889_proceedings_and_debates_of_the_constitutional_convention.pdf#page=600|600}}-02

== Scholarly Work ==
  * [[https://www.ndconst.org/_media/refs/1888_cooley_constitutional_limitations.pdf#page=731|Cooley, Constitutional Limitations ch. XV]]
  * Daniel S. Guy, Land Condemnation: A Comparative Survey of North Dakota Statutory Law, [[https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/nordak51&i=387| 51 N.D. L. Rev. 387]] (1974-1975)