=== References ===

== Cases ==
  * Northwest Landowners Ass'n v. State [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinion/2022ND150|2022 ND 150]]
  * Hale v. State, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinion/2012 ND 148|2012 ND 148]]
  * City of Jamestown v. Leevers Supermarkets, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinion/552NW2d365|552 N.W.2d 365]]  (N.D. 1996)
  * Grand Forks-Traill Water Users v. Hjelle, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinion/413NW2d344|413 N.W.2d 344]] (N.D. 1987)
  * Donaldson v. Bismarck, 3 N.W.2d 808 (1942) ("This guarantee is broader than the guarantee of the Fifth Amendment ... the owner is as much protected against his property being damaged as against his property being taken.")
  * Martin v. Tyler, 4 N.D. 278 (1894) ("[This section] was copied literally from section 14, art. 1, of the constitution of California adopted in 1879.")

== Prior Versions ==
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?rev=1594316307|1889]]
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?rev=1594316421|1956]]
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?rev=1594316462|1982]]
  * [[https://ndconst.org/arti/sec16/start?do=revisions|Compare text between versions]]

== Parallel provisions ==
  * [[https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-v/fifth-amendment-takings-clause-richard-a-epstein-and-eduardo-penalver/clause/4|U.S. Const. amend. V]] ("nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation")
  * Original source for 1889 provision was Constitutions of Montana (and others)

== Convention references ==
  * Debates {{:conv:1889_proceedings_and_debates_of_the_constitutional_convention.pdf#page=386|386}}
  * Debates {{:conv:1889_proceedings_and_debates_of_the_constitutional_convention.pdf#page=600|600}}-02

== Scholarly Work ==
  * [[https://www.ndconst.org/_media/refs/1888_cooley_constitutional_limitations.pdf#page=731|Cooley, Constitutional Limitations ch. XV]]
  * Daniel S. Guy, Land Condemnation: A Comparative Survey of North Dakota Statutory Law, [[https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/nordak51&i=387| 51 N.D. L. Rev. 387]] (1974-1975)