=== References ===

== Cases ==
  - State v. Rooney, 12 N.D. 144, 95 N.W. 513 (N.D. 1903)
  - State v. Pleason, 56 N.D. 499, 218 N.W. 154 (N.D. 1928)

== Parallel provisions ==

[[https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/63/ex-post-facto|U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 9, cl. 3.]] "No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed."

[[https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/63/ex-post-facto|U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 10, cl. 1.]] "No State shall ... pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts...."