=== References ===

== Cases ==
  - State v. Rooney, 12 N.D. 144, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6848047/state-v-rooney/|95 N.W. 513]] (N.D. 1903)
  - State v. Pleason, 56 N.D. 499, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3933079/state-v-pleason/|218 N.W. 154]] (N.D. 1928)
  - State v. Klein, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/c/nw/249/118|249 N.W. 118]] (N.D. 1933)
  - First Federal Savings and Loan Ass'n v. Haley, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2221168/first-federal-sav-and-loan-assn-v-haley/|357 N.W.2d 492]] (N.D. 1984)

== Parallel provisions ==

[[https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/63/ex-post-facto|U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 9, cl. 3.]] "No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed."

[[https://www.heritage.org/constitution/#!/articles/1/essays/63/ex-post-facto|U.S. Const. art. I, sec. 10, cl. 1.]] "No State shall ... pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts...."