====== N.D. Const. art. IV, § 12 — Research ======

**Quorum; Rules of Procedure.** Text of the section: [[.:start|current and prior versions]].

Every citing reference in the corpus: **2** court opinions and **8** Attorney General opinions. Counts include the section's pre-1981 designation (§ 36), era-gated by the renumbering crosswalk.

//Generated from the citation graph of the validated corpus. Treatment groupings (construing / citing / recital) are heuristic reading aids, not editorial judgments — read the opinion before relying on any signal.//

===== Cases by topic =====

//Topics are machine-generated groupings of the citing references — reading aids, not editorial judgments. Documents cited after the last classification pass appear in the lists below until the next pass.//

== Judging members' qualifications and elections ==

  * Onstad v. Jaeger, et al., [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinions/149451|2020 ND 203]] (2020, per curiam)  ·  quotes the provision
    * //¶ 4: “…%%In a letter dated September 9, 2020, Jaeger denied Onstad's request. Jaeger stated he was unable to comply with Onstad's request and explained N.D. Const. art. IV, § 12 states that each house is the judge of the qualifications of its members. Jaeger also explained, "Additionally, last Friday I forwarded to the County Auditors my certification of the ballot for the November General Elec%%…”//
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2020-L-02.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2020-L-02 (2020)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2006-L-11.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2006-L-11 (2006)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/042690-Siegert_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Apr. 26, 1990)]]

== Internal rules and legislative procedure ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2011-L-02.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2011-L-02 (2011)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/070789-Hoffner_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (July 7, 1989) (to Hoffner)]]
  * State ex rel. Spaeth v. Meiers, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1853310/state-ex-rel-spaeth-v-meiers/|1987 ND 47]] (1987, Levine, J.)

== Enactment, budgeting, and relations with the executive ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2017-L-04.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2017-L-04 (2017)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2009-L-08.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2009-L-08 (2009)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/110691-Treadway_0.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. (Nov. 6, 1991)]]

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