====== N.D. Const. art. IV, § 45 — Research ======

**Repealed.** Text of the section: [[.:start|current and prior versions]].

Every citing reference in the corpus: **16** court opinions and **3** Attorney General opinions. Counts include the section's pre-1981 designation (§ 202), era-gated by the renumbering crosswalk.

//Generated from the citation graph of the validated corpus. Treatment groupings (construing / citing / recital) are heuristic reading aids, not editorial judgments — read the opinion before relying on any signal.//

===== Cases by topic =====

//Topics are machine-generated groupings of the citing references — reading aids, not editorial judgments. Documents cited after the last classification pass appear in the lists below until the next pass.//

== Amendment by initiative petition ==

  * Dawson v. Meier, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2082310/dawson-v-meier/|1956 ND 54]] (1956, Morris, J.)
  * City of Fargo v. Sathre, Atty. Gen. of North Dakota, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3934170/city-of-fargo-v-sathre/|1949 ND 4]] (1949, Nuessle, J.)
  * Schmidt v. Gronna, Secretary of State, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3935200/schmidt-v-gronna/|1938 ND 51]] (1938, Nuessle, J.)
  * State ex rel. Alexander v. Evanson, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3934155/state-ex-rel-alexander-v-evanson/|1934 ND 38]] (1934, Christianson, J.)
  * Dyer v. Hall, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3933580/dyer-v-hall/|1924 ND 108]] (1924, Johnson, J.)
  * State ex rel. Byerley v. State Board of Canvassers, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6850777/state-ex-rel-byerley-v-state-board-of-canvassers/|1919 ND 17]] (1919, Birdzell, J.)
  * State ex rel. Linde, Atty. Gen. v. Hall, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6850034/state-ex-rel-linde-v-hall/|1916 ND 144]] (1916, Goss, J.)

== Amendments proposed by the legislative assembly ==

  * Davis v. County of McLean, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3934052/davis-v-county-of-mclean/|1925 ND 7]] (1925, Christianson, J.)
  * State ex rel. Twichell v. Hall, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6850811/state-ex-rel-twichel-v-hall/|1918 ND 117]] (1918, Grace, J.)  ·  construes
    * //“…%%ts, or from taking any further action with reference to submitting such proposed constitutional amendments to a vote of the electors of this state at the general election to be held in November, 1918. There is involved in this proceeding the interpretation of section 202 of our Constitution as originally adopted therein, and also the interpretation of said section as amended. Section 202, as originally adopted in the Constitution, provided the manner in which the Constitution may be ame%%…”//
  * State ex rel. Miller, Atty. Gen., v. Taylor, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6849121/state-ex-rel-miller-v-taylor/|1911 ND 129]] (1911, Spalding, J.)

== Separate submission of multiple amendments ==

  * Northwestern Improvement Co. v. State, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3933777/northwestern-improvement-co-v-state/|1928 ND 82]] (1928, Burke, J.)  ·  construes
    * //“…%%from property to product; the test now is not the extent, but the productivity, of wealth. * * *"' Continuing, the court further said: "As an aid in determining the meaning of the amended section 179 [of the Constitution], it should be borne in mind that section 202 of the Constitution requires the separate submission of amendments so that they may be separately voted upon, and that chapter 103 of the Session Laws of 1913, which amends both sections 176 and 179, was adopted as one%%…”//
  * State ex rel. City of Fargo v. Wetz, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6850437/state-ex-rel-city-of-fargo-v-wetz/|1918 ND 83]] (1918, Birdzell, J.)  ·  construes
    * //“…%%attempted delegation of legislative power. Where a portion of a law is unconstitutional, the remainder will stand where the court can reasonably say that the Legislature would have passed the act with the invalid portion stricken therefrom. On Rehearing. Section 202 of the Constitution of North Dakota, which requires that "if two or more amendments shall be submitted at the same time they shall be submitted in such manner that the electors shall vote for or against each of such ame%%…”//

== Submission, ballot form, and effective date ==

  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/72-64.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 72-64 (1972)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/55-42.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 55-42 (1955)]]
  * N.D. Att'y Gen.: [[https://attorneygeneral.nd.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/48-122.pdf|N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 48-122 (1948)]]

== Methods of amendment and constitutional conventions ==

  * Larkin v. Gronna, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3934451/larkin-v-gronna/|1939 ND 13]] (1939, Burke, J.)
  * State ex rel. Wineman v. Dahl, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/6847337/state-ex-rel-wineman-v-dahl/|1896 ND 33]] (1896, Corliss, J.)

== Other applications ==

  * State ex rel. Sanstead v. Freed, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/2229506/state-ex-rel-sanstead-v-freed/|1977 ND 15]] (1977, Paulson, J.)
  * State ex rel. Strutz, Atty. Gen., v. Stray, [[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/3934323/state-ex-rel-strutz-v-stray/|1938 ND 52]] (1938, Nuessle, J.)

----
//The sidebar keeps a curated digest; this page is the complete record.//