1. State v. Nelson County, 1 N.D. 88 (1890)
2. N.W. Bell v. Wentz, 103 N.W.2d 245 (N.D. 1960)
3. Solberg v. State Treasurer, 53 N.W.2d 49 (N.D. 1952)
4. Stutsman v. Arthur, 16 N.W.2d 449 (N.D. 1944)
5. Haugland v. Bismarck, 2012 ND 123
6. Hale v. State, 2012 ND 148
7. Reep v. State, 2013 ND 253

1. 1889
2. 1914
3. compare

Convention journal pages 183, 249, 382

Convention proceedings and debates pages 437, xxxii

Sandefur, Timothy, The Arizona Gift Clause (discussing development of gift clauses in several states)