N.D. Const. art. XII, § 16 — Research

Combinations to Control Prices Prohibited. Text of the section: current and prior versions.

Every citing reference in the corpus: 2 court opinions and 3 Attorney General opinions. Counts include the section's pre-1981 designation (§ 146), era-gated by the renumbering crosswalk.

Generated from the citation graph of the validated corpus. Treatment groupings (construing / citing / recital) are heuristic reading aids, not editorial judgments — read the opinion before relying on any signal.

• State ex rel. Langer, Atty. Gen., v. Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., 1919 ND 237 (1919, Birdzell, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…m the order. The complaint must be considered in the light of the following provisions of law: Constitution, § 21: "The provisions of this Constitution are mandatory and prohibitory unless, by express words, they are declared to be otherwise." Constitution, § 146: "Any combination between individuals, corporations, associations or either, having for its object or effect the controlling of the price of any product of the soil or any article of manufacture or commerce, or the cost…”

• Boe v. National Farmer's Organization, Inc., 1979 ND 49 (1979, Erickstad, J.)

Advisory, not binding; included for the doctrine's full administrative history.

• N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 93-L-70 (1993)
• N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 76-28 (1976) · citing § 146 (1889 numbering)
• N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 61-217 (1961) · citing § 146 (1889 numbering)

The sidebar keeps a curated digest; this page is the complete record.