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--- arti:sec11:sidebar [2020/09/24 14:57] – jet
+++ arti:sec11:sidebar [2023/12/08 15:24] – admin
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     * Black Hills Trucking v. N.D. Indus. Comm'n, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/supreme-court/opinion/2017ND284|2017 ND 284]]
   * Cruel or Unusual Punishment
-    * State v. Jochim, [[https://links.casemakerlegal.com/docid/1795291?bookname=public_url&ci=95|55 N.D. 313]] (1927)
+    * State v. Jochim, [[https://links.casemakerlegal.com/docid/1795291?bookname=public_url&ci=95|55 N.D. 313]] (1927) ("The term "cruel" refers to the form of the punishment and its infliction as barbarous; the term "unusual" is used in reference to the frequency.")
     * State v. Kingen, [[https://links.casemakerlegal.com/docid/3777268?bookname=public_url&ci=95|58 N.D. 327]] (1929)
@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
   * [[https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendments/amendment-viii|U.S. Const. amend. VIII]] ("Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.")
-== Treatises ==
+== Secondary Sources ==
-Cooley Const. Lim. {{ :refs:1883_cooley_constitutional_limitations.pdf#page=460 |pp. 376-78}} (bail), {{:refs:1883_cooley_constitutional_limitations.pdf#page=486 |pp. 402-04}} (excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishments)
+  * Cooley Const. Lim. {{ :refs:1883_cooley_constitutional_limitations.pdf#page=460 |pp. 376-78}} (bail), {{:refs:1883_cooley_constitutional_limitations.pdf#page=486 |pp. 402-04}} (excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishments)
+  * Phillips, James Cleith, [[https://ssrn.com/abstract=3889716|The Original Meaning of Bailable in the Utah Constitution]] (July 19, 2021) (collecting parallel provisions and late 1800s sources)