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--- arti:sec25:sidebar [2019/01/25 19:42] – created justice
+++ arti:sec25:sidebar [2024/08/19 16:15] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Section 25.
+=== References ===
-. To preserve and protect the right of crime victims to justice, to ensure crime victims a meaningful role throughout the criminal and juvenile justice systems, and to ensure that  crime  victims'  rights  and  interests are respected and protected by law in a manner no less vigorous than the protections afforded to criminal defendants and delinquent children, all victims shall be entitled to the following rights, beginning at the time of their victimization:
-a. The right to be treated with fairness and respect for the victim's dignity.
-b. The right to be free from intimidation, harassment, and abuse.
-c. The right to be reasonably protected from the accused and any person acting on behalf of the accused.
-d. The right to have the safety and welfare of the victim and the victim's family considered when setting bail or making release decisions.
-e. The right to prevent the disclosure of information or records that could be used to locate or  harass the victim or  the victim's  family,  or  which could  disclose confidential or privileged information about the victim, and to be notified of any request for such information or records.
-f. The right to privacy, which includes the right to refuse an interview, deposition, or other discovery request made by the defendant, the defendant's attorney, or any person acting on behalf of the defendant, and to set reasonable conditions on the conduct of any such interaction to which the victim consents. Nothing in this  section  shall  abrogate  a  defendant's  sixth  amendment  rights  under  the
-Constitution of the United States nor diminish the state's disclosure obligations to a defendant.
-g. The right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of, and to be present at, all proceedings  involving  the  criminal  or  delinquent  conduct,  including  release, plea,  sentencing,  adjudication,  and  disposition,  and  any  proceeding  during which a right of the victim is implicated.
-h. The right to be promptly notified of any release or escape of the accused.
-i. The right  to be heard in any proceeding involving release,  plea,  sentencing,
-adjudication, disposition, or parole, and any proceeding during which a right of
-the victim is implicated.
-j. The right, upon request, to confer with the attorney for the government.
-k. The right to provide information regarding the impact of the offender's conduct
-on the victim and the victim's family to the individual responsible for conducting
-any  presentence  or  disposition  investigation  or  compiling  any  presentence
-investigation  report  or  recommendation  regarding,  and  to  have  any  such
-information considered in any sentencing or disposition recommendations.
-l. The right, upon request, to receive a copy of any report or record relevant to the
-exercise of a victim's right, except for those portions made confidential by law or
-unless  a  court  determines  disclosure  would  substantially  interfere  with  the
-investigation of a case, and to receive a copy of any presentence report or plan
-of disposition when available to the defendant or delinquent child.
-m. The right, upon request, to the prompt return of the victim's property when no
-longer needed as evidence in the case.
-n. The right to full and timely restitution in every case and from each offender for all
-losses suffered by the victim as a result of the criminal or delinquent conduct. All
-monies and property collected from any person who has been ordered to make
-restitution shall be first applied to the restitution owed to the victim before paying
-any amounts owed to the government.
-o. The right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay, and to a prompt and
-final conclusion of the case and any related post-judgment proceedings.
-p. The right, upon request, to be informed of the conviction, adjudication, sentence,
-disposition, place, and time of incarceration, detention, or other disposition of
-the offender, any scheduled release date of the offender, and the release of or
-the escape by the offender from custody or commitment.
-q. The right, upon request, to be informed in a timely manner of all post-judgment
-processes and procedures, to participate in such processes and procedures, to
-provide information to the release authority to be considered before any release
-decision  is  made,  and  to  be  notified  of  any  release  decision  regarding  the
-offender. The parole authority shall extend the right to be heard to any person
-harmed by the offender.
-r. The right,  upon request,  to  be informed in  a  timely  manner  of  any  pardon,
-commutation, reprieve, or expungement procedures, to provide information to
-the  governor,  the  court,  any  pardon  board,  and  other  authority  in  these
-procedures, and to have that information considered before a decision is made,
-and to be notified of such decision in advance of any release of the offender.
-s. The right to be informed of these rights, and to be informed that victims can
-seek the advice of an attorney with respect to their rights. This information shall
-be made available to the general public and provided to all crime victims in what
-is referred to as a Marsy's card.
-. The victim, the retained attorney of the victim, a lawful representative of the victim, or
-the attorney for  the government upon request  of  the victim may assert  and seek
-enforcement of the rights enumerated in this section and any other right afforded to a
-victim  by  law  in  any  trial  or  appellate  court,  or  before  any  other  authority  with
-jurisdiction  over  the  case,  as a matter  of  right.  The court  or  other  authority  with
-jurisdiction shall act promptly on such a request, ensuring that no right is deprived
-without due process of law, and affording a remedy by due course of law for the
-violation of any right. The reasons for any decision regarding disposition of a victim's
-right shall be clearly stated on the record.
-. The granting of these rights to victims shall not be construed to deny or disparage
-other  rights  possessed by victims.  All  provisions  of  this  section  apply  throughout
-criminal and juvenile justice processes and are self-enabling. This section does not
-create any cause of action for damages against the state, any political subdivision of
-the  state,  any  officer,  employee,  or  agent  of  the  state  or  of  any  of  its  political
-subdivisions, or any officer or employee of the court.
-. As  used  in  this  section,  a  "victim"  is  a  person  who  suffers  direct  or  threatened
-physical, psychological, or financial harm as a result of the commission or attempted
-commission of a crime or delinquent act or against whom the crime or delinquent act
-is  committed.  If  a victim is deceased,  incompetent,  incapacitated,  or  a minor,  the
-victim's spouse, parent, grandparent, child, sibling, grandchild, or guardian, and any
-person  with  a  relationship  to  the  victim  that  is  substantially  similar  to  a  listed
-relationship, may also exercise these rights. The term "victim" does not include the
-accused or a person whom the court finds would not act in the best interests of a
-deceased, incompetent, minor, or incapacitated victim.
------
 == Cases ==
-  - State v. Strom, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/_court/opinions/20180167.htm|2019 ND 9]]
+  - State v. Hunt, [[https://courtlistener.com/c/ND/2019/127|2019 ND 127]]
-  - State v. Rogers, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/_court/opinions/20170389.htm|2018 ND 244]]
+  - State v. Strom, [[https://courtlistener.com/c/ND/2019/9|2019 ND 9]]
-  - State v. Blue, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/_court/opinions/20170387.htm|2018 ND 171]]
+  - State v. Rogers, [[https://courtlistener.com/c/ND/2018/244|2018 ND 244]]
-  - State v. Bruce, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/_court/opinions/20170226.htm|2018 ND 45]]
+  - State v. Blue, [[https://courtlistener.com/c/ND/2018/171|2018 ND 171]]
-  - State v. Kostelecky, [[https://www.ndcourts.gov/_court/opinions/20170291.htm|2018 ND 12]]
+  - State v. Bruce, [[https://courtlistener.com/c/ND/2018/45|2018 ND 45]]
+  - State v. Kostelecky, [[https://courtlistener.com/c/ND/2018/12|2018 ND 12]]
 == Parallel Provisions ==
-  - South Dakota [[https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Constitution/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&Statute=0N-6-29|Article 6, Section 29]]
+  - South Dakota [[https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/Constitution/DisplayStatute.aspx?Type=Statute&Statute=0N-6-29|art. 6, sec. 29]]
-  - Ohio [[https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution/section?const=1.10a|Article I, Section 10a]]
+  - Ohio [[https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/laws/ohio-constitution/section?const=1.10a|art. I, sec. 10a]]
-  - Illinois [[http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con1.htm|Article I, Section 8.1]]
+  - Illinois [[http://www.ilga.gov/commission/lrb/con1.htm|art. I, sec. 8.1]]
-  - California [[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS&sectionNum=SEC.%2028.&article=I|Article I, Section 28]]
+  - California [[https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS&sectionNum=SEC.%2028.&article=I|art. I, sec. 28]]
+  - Oklahoma [[http://oklegislature.gov/ok_constitution.html|Sec. II-34]]
+  - Nevada [[https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Const/NVConst.html|Art. I, Sec. 8A]]
+  - North Carolina [[https://www.ncleg.gov/Laws/Constitution/Article1|Art. I, Sec. 37]]