N.D. Const. art. I, § 21 — Research

Privileges or immunities. Text of the section: current and prior versions.

Every citing reference in the corpus: 94 court opinions and 9 Attorney General opinions. Counts include the section's pre-1981 designation (§ 20), era-gated by the renumbering crosswalk.

Generated from the citation graph of the validated corpus. Treatment groupings (construing / citing / recital) are heuristic reading aids, not editorial judgments — read the opinion before relying on any signal.

Topics are machine-generated groupings of the citing references — reading aids, not editorial judgments. Documents cited after the last classification pass appear in the lists below until the next pass.

• Condon v. St. Alexius Medical Center, et al., 2019 ND 113 (2019, Jensen, J.)
• Larimore Public School District No. 44, et al. v. Aamodt, et al., 2018 ND 71 (2018, McEvers, J.) · quotes the provision
  • ¶ 33: “…The parents argue the damage cap treats similarly situated persons differently, both facially and as applied, and violates the state equal protection provisions of N.D. Const. art. I, § 21, which provides: No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges o…”
• Leet, et al. v. City of Minot, 2006 ND 191 (2006, VandeWalle, J.)
• Riemers v. O'Halloran, et al., 2004 ND 79 (2004, Neumann, J.) · quotes the provision
  • ¶ 5: “…'acquiring, possessing and protecting property.' " Riemers also relies on part of N.D. Const. art. I, § 9 ("All courts shall be open, and every man for any injury done him in his lands, goods, person or reputation shall have remedy"), and N.D. Const. art. I, § 21 ("No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or immunities which…”
• Hoffner, et al. v. Johnson, et al., 2003 ND 79 (2003, VandeWalle, J.)
• Olson, et al. v. Bismarck Parks and Recreation District, 2002 ND 61 (2002, Kapsner, J.) · quotes the provision
  • ¶ 9: “…Olson and Howard argue N.D.C.C. ch. 53-08 violates our state equal protection guarantee, N.D. Const. art. I, § 21, which provides: No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or…”
• Snyder v. ND Workers Comp. Bureau, 2001 ND 38 (2001, Kapsner, J.)
• Dickie v. Farmers Union Oil Company of LaMoure; Vining Oil & Gas Company, 2000 ND 111 (2000, Neumann, J.)
• Haney v. North Dakota Workers Compensation Bureau, 1994 ND 124 (1994, Sandstrom, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…ployed regularly in the same business or in or about the establishment except: “ ‘a. Agricultural or domestic service.’ ” Haney contends the agricultural exclusion in N.D.C.C. § 65–01–02(22)(a) violates the equal protection guarantee afforded him by Art. I, § 21, N.D. Constitution, which provides: “No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be gra…”
• Bellemare v. Gateway Builders, Inc., 1988 ND 61 (1988, VandeWalle, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…ompany.” Bellemare argues: (a) that, even if § 28–01–44 is constitutional, summary judgment was inappropriate because a question of fact exists as to whether the grain bin is an improvement to real property or a product; (b) that § 28–01–44 violates Art. I, § 21, N.D.Const., because it unconstitutionally classifies potential plaintiffs and potential defendants; and (c) that § 28–01–44 is a special law in violation of Art. IV, §§ 43 and 44, N.D.Const. a. Improvement or produc…”
• Hanson v. Williams County, 1986 ND 104 (1986, Gierke, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…her products liability action on the basis that the claims against the manufacturer were [*320] barred by § 28–01.1–02 of the North Dakota Century Code. Hanson challenges the constitutionality of § 28–01.1–02. We conclude that § 28–01.1–02 violates Article I, § 21, of the North Dakota Constitution, and, accordingly, reverse and remand for trial. Ingram Manufacturing Company, Inc., manufactured a multi-ton earth packer on November 13, 1963. This earth packer was sold to Krider E…”
• Patch v. Sebelius, 1982 ND 89 (1982, Paulson, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…action. 4 U.S.Const.Amend. XIV, § 1, provides, in part: “nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.” 5 N.D.Const.Art. I, § 21, provides in part: “nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or immunities which upon the same terms shall not be granted to all citizens”. [1] [2] We begin with the well-established principle t…”
• Benson v. North Dakota Workmen's Compensation Bureau, 1979 ND 128 (1979, Pederson, J.)
• Herman v. Magnuson, 1979 ND 50 (1979, VandeWalle, J.)
• Arneson v. Olson, 1978 ND 96 (1978, Vogel, J.)
• Benson v. North Dakota Workmen's Compensation Bureau, 1977 ND 5 (1977, Pederson, J.)
• Hastings ex rel. Hastings v. James River Aerie No. 2337, 1976 ND 84 (1976, Erickstad, J.)
• Johnson v. Hassett, 1974 ND 32 (1974, Vogel, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…onstitution, cited in Perozzi v. Ganiere, Supra, that guarantees a ‘remedy by due course of law for injury done (one) in his person, property, or reputation.’ Few of them discuss the ‘privileges and immunities’ constitutional provision such as is contained in Section 20, or the requirement that laws of a general nature have uniform operation, as in Section 11, or even the Due Process Clause contained in Section 13 of the North Dakota Constitution. The text of these constitutional provi…”
• Dunn v. North Dakota Workmen's Compensation Bureau, 1971 ND 77 (1971, Strutz, J.) · construes
  • “…stion is interpreted so as to apply only to executive officers of a corporation and not to executive officers of a partnership, such section is unconstitutional as discriminatory against the executive officers of a partnership, and thus unconstitutional under Section 20 of the North Dakota Constitution, which provides that no special privileges or immunity shall be granted by the Legislative Assembly. [4] This court has held that Section 20 of the Constitution does not prohibit appropr…”
• State ex rel. Workmen's Compensation Fund v. E.W. Wylie Co., 1953 ND 13 (1953, Morris, J.) · construes
  • “…perience shown in each case. Defendant also contends that if Sec. 65–0428 is construed as contended for by the plaintiff ‘such construction would render it so discriminatory as to violate the ‘equal privileges and immunities clause’ of the state constitution (Section 20), and the ‘equal protection of law’ clause of the Federal constitution.’ Article 14. Those clauses have often been passed upon by the courts. As long as the law operates alike on all members of a class including all per…”

• Teigen, et al. v. State, 2008 ND 88 (2008, Kapsner, J.) · quotes the provision
  • ¶ 24: “…The plaintiffs argue the trade association clause is unconstitutional as a law granting special privileges and immunities under N.D. Const. art. I, § 21, which provides: No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or…”
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 97-F-15 (1997)
• Swenson v. Northern Crop Insurance, Inc., 1993 ND 57 (1993, Erickstad, J.)
• McLain v. Midway Township, 1982 ND 171 (1982, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…another landowner, for a moving permit. It partakes of a non-delagable governmental power. Furthermore, such privilege was not granted to all citizens resident therein on the same terms. The language should be declared invalid as being violative of Article I, Section 21 of the North Dakota Constitution: “No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be grant…”
• State v. Knoefler, 1979 ND 81 (1979, Sand, J.) · quotes the provision
• Johnson v. Elkin, 1978 ND 22 (1978, Vogel, J.) · quotes the provision
• Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. v. North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy, 1974 ND 41 (1974, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…thout due process of law. ‘XII. ‘Section 43—15—35(5) of the North Dakota Century Code is unconstitutional in that it violates both Section 11 of the North Dakota Constitution, which states that all laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation, and Section 20 of the North Dakota Constitution, which states that no citizen or class of citizens shall be granted privileges or immunities which shall not be granted to all citizens upon the same terms.’ Snyder’s contends that the…”
• Snyder's Drug Stores, Inc. v. North Dakota State Board of Pharmacy, 1972 ND 81 (1972, Erickstad, J.)
• Coal Harbor Stock Farm, Inc. v. Meier, 1971 ND 69 (1971, Teigen, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…efending life and liberty; acquiring, possessing and protecting property and reputation; and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness.’ Section 11 of the North Dakota Constitution provides: ‘All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation.’ Section 20 of the North Dakota Constitution provides: ‘No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens…”
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 70-2 (1970)
• City of Bismarck v. Materi, 1970 ND 35 (1970, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…jective in mind. Accordingly, we do not find the classification incorporated in this exemption to constitute invidious discrimination. In State v. Miller, 129 N.W.2d 356 (N.D.1964), a case in which one of our game laws was under attack as being violative of Section 20 of our State Constitution, we pointed out that this court on numerous occasions has held that Section 20 of our Constitution does not prohibit the legislature from making classifications, provided the classifications ar…”
• State v. Miller, 1964 ND 34 (1964, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…t guilty, waived trial by jury, and asked that the trial be postponed until December. The proceedings were accordingly recessed. When the case was again called on February 11, 1964, counsel for the defendant objected to further proceedings, on the ground that Section 20–08–03 of the North Dakota Century Code was unconstitutional for the [*359] reason that it did not treat all citizens and residents of North Dakota equally. The statute in 1963 read as follows: '20–08–03. Contents of Gov…”
• International Printing Pressmen & Assistants Union v. Meier, 1962 ND 17 (1962, Strutz, J.) · construes
  • “…ypographical Union. On this record, the plaintiffs asked the trial court to issue a declaratory judgment construing the provisions of Section 46–02–02, contending that this section is unconstitutional and invalid for the reason, among others, that it violates Section 20 of the North Dakota Constitution which prohibits the granting of special privileges to any citizen or class which are not granted to all. The trial court held the law to be unconstitutional, and, from the judgment enter…”
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 46-159 (1946)
• Asbury Hospital v. Cass County, 1944 ND 37 (1944, Burke, J.)
• State v. Cromwell, 1943 ND 22 (1943, Nuessle, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…ssing and protecting property and reputation and pursuing and obtaining safety and happiness; and by section 13 of the Constitution of North Dakota which provides that no person shall be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law; and by section 20 of the Constitution which provides: "No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be gra…”
• Figenskau v. McCoy, 1936 ND 8 (1936, Burke, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…ch have the effect of making said acts discriminatory and of denying to the appellant equal protection of the laws, and that for such reasons said chapters are in conflict with section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States and section 20 of the Constitution of the state of North Dakota, and are therefore unconstitutional. Since we have held that chapter 179 merely revises and re-enacts a definition contained in a law that had been repealed, we need not…”
• State ex rel. City of Bismarck v. District Court in and for Burleigh County, 1934 ND 13 (1934, Nuessle, J.)
• Baird v. Rask, 1931 ND 16 (1931, Birdzell, J.) · construes
  • “…njust." Since the Constitution does not lay down any test as to what shall be considered a special law within the meaning of section 70, and since observation of the mandate therein expressed could scarcely require more strict observance than the provision of section 20 of the Constitution forbidding class legislation as a whole, we are of the opinion that the appellants have not demonstrated the act in question, even considered as a special law, to be in violation of section 70. Consi…”
• Klein v. Hutton, 1922 ND 132 (1922, Grace, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…n a position to question the validity of the statute on the ground that it denies the rights and privileges, which it is claimed, are secured to attorneys. Points 5 to 8, both inclusive, may be disposed of together. Appellant contends that the act contravenes section 20 of the state Constitution, which reads: "No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the Legislative Assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be…”
• Peterson v. Fargo-Moorhead Street Railway Co., 1917 ND 125 (1917, Grace, J.)
• Sundahl v. First State Bank of Edmunds, 1916 ND 5 (1916, Goss, J.)
• State ex rel. Flaherty v. Hanson, 1907 ND 55 (1907, Fisk, J.)
• Patterson v. Wollmann, 1896 ND 25 (1896, Corliss, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…f two miles. Comp. Laws, § 1361. It is this provision of the statute which allows, and indeed compels, the board of county commissioners to grant an exclusive franchise within the specified limits to the highest bidder, that is here challenged as obnoxious to section 20 of the constitution. That section declares that "no special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly, nor shall any citizen, or class of ci…”

• Hamich, Inc., et al. v. State ex rel. Clayburgh, 1997 ND 110 (1997, Neumann, J.)
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 95-L-65 (1995)
• Mund v. Rambough, 1988 ND 208 (1988, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…were actually sent by certified mail. (Plaintiff’s Exhibits 1–4). [5] Helen next contends that, even if service were made pursuant to section 57–28–04, N.D.C.C., the statute is unconstitutional as a violation of equal protection of the laws under Article I, Sections 21 and [*55] 22 of the North Dakota Constitution4 and Amendment Fourteen, Section 1 of the United States Constitution, and also as a violation of due process of law under Article I, Section 9 of the North Dakota Constituti…”
• Southern Valley Grain Dealers Ass'n v. Board of County Commissioners, 1977 ND 92 (1977, Vogel, J.)
• Horst v. Guy, 1974 ND 42 (1974, Teigen, J.)
• Horst v. Guy, 1973 ND 62 (1973, Paulson, J.) · quotes the provision
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 70-202 (1970)
• Soo Line Railroad Company v. City of Wilton, 1969 ND 53 (1969, Paulson, J.)
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 67-290 (1967)
• Menz v. Coyle, 1962 ND 37 (1962, Strutz, J.)
• Lalim v. Williams County, 1960 ND 37 (1960, Morris, J.)
• Northwestern Bell Telephone Company v. Wentz, 1960 ND 20 (1960, Teigen, J.)
• Wallentinson v. Williams County, 1960 ND 5 (1960, Strutz, J.)
• Northern Pacific Railway Co. v. City of Grand Forks, 1955 ND 53 (1955, Burke, J.)
• State v. Amerada Petroleum Corporation, 1955 ND 42 (1955, Grimson, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…of Section 15–0715(5) supra, under which the resale to Bylin was made is that it grants the right of repurchase only to bona fide farmers 'residing upon the land'. That is said to be an unreasonable and unjustifiable classification and unconstitutional under Section 20 of the constitution which provides that no citizen or class of citizens shall 'be granted privileges or immunities which upon the same terms shall not be granted to all citizens.' It is claimed Section 15–0715(5) unjust…”
• Lindberg v. Benson, 1955 ND 20 (1955, Burke, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…islators of this state that is repugnant to, and in violation of, Section 11 of the Constitution of the State of North Dakota, which provides: 'All laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation', and also whether it is violative of, an repugnant to, Section 20 of the North Dakota Constitution: 'No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be grant…”
• Fradet v. City of Southwest Fargo, 1953 ND 31 (1953, Morris, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…lenges will not be further considered here, with one exception, upon which the plaintiffs lay great emphasis. They contend that the provisions of the State Housing Authorities Law granting preference to persons of low income is contrary to and in violation of Section 20 of the state constitution. This section provides: 'No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of c…”
• Solberg v. State Treasurer, 1952 ND 18 (1952, Burtness, J.)
• Northwestern Improvement Co. v. County of Morton, 1951 ND 13 (1951, Morris, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…r immunities shall ever be granted [*35] which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be granted privileges or immunities which upon the same terms shall not be granted to all citizens.'-Section 20 of Constitution of the State of North Dakota. "No person shall be * * * deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law.'-Section 13 of Constitution of State of North Dakota. 'No state shall 'depriv…”
• F. W. Woolworth Co. v. Gray, State Tax Commissioner, 1951 ND 1 (1951, Christianson, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…which plaintiff is wholly unable to collect or in any manner recoup' and that consequently such 'portion of the law is arbitrary, discriminatory, confiscatory and violative' of the due process clause of the Constitution of the United States and Section 11 and Section 20 of the Constitution of the State of North Dakota. It is true the Retail Sales Tax Act contemplates that the burden of the tax shall be laid upon the purchaser but [*777] it does not impose the tax upon the purchaser or…”
• Herr v. Rudolf, 1947 ND 4 (1947, Nuessle, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…examined, and it is held, for reasons stated in the opinion, that insofar as it creates a class of citizens to whom it grants the privilege of buying state lands at private sale and at a price less than can be obtained therefor at public sale, it contravenes Section 20 of the Constitution of the State of North Dakota providing that no citizen or class of citizens shall be granted privileges by the legislative assembly which, upon the same terms shall not be granted to all citizens; an…”
• State ex rel. Kaufman v. Davis, State Board of Administration, 1930 ND 14 (1930, Christianson, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…7) That the provisions of the act which purport to exempt from taxation any dormitory that may be erected and any equipment installed therein by the holding association, and all bonds and other evidences of indebtedness issued by such association, contravenes section 20 of the Constitution (which provides that no citizen or class of citizens shall be granted privileges or immunities which, upon the same terms, shall not be granted to all citizens), subdivision 29 of section 69 of the C…”
• Rosedale School District No. 5 v. Towner County, 1927 ND 149 (1927, Christianson, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…terest collected on taxes and parts of taxes due to organized townships, villages, towns, cities, or school districts shall be paid to the township, village, town, city, or school district for which the tax was levied, does not contravene either section 11 or section 20 of the state Constitution. Counties and school districts are amenable to the statutes of limitation of this state. Under the laws of North Dakota, the county treasurer is collector of all taxes whether levied for st…”
• State ex rel. Atkins v. Lawler, 1925 ND 119 (1925, Christianson, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…or years, where the certificate is held by the county at the time the law takes effect, is within the law, and all persons having a right of redemption are entitled to avail themselves of the remedy afforded thereby. [*884] Is chapter 210, supra, violative of section 20 of the Constitution? We think not. This section inhibits the Legislature from granting to any citizen or class of citizens any privileges or immunities which, upon the same terms, are not granted to all citizens; in oth…”

• Sorum, et al. v. State, et al., 2020 ND 175 (2020, Tufte, J.) · quotes the provision
  • ¶ 51: “…The Plaintiffs argue the district court erred in concluding N.D.C.C. ch. 61-33.1 does not violate sections 21 and 22 of the North Dakota Constitution. Article I, § 21, provides: No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citi…”
• Ferguson v. City of Fargo, 2016 ND 194 (2016, VandeWalle, J.)
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2001-L-07 (2001)
• Reiss v. Rummel, 1975 ND 49 (1975, Sand, J.)
• Olson v. Dillerud, 1975 ND 7 (1975, Erickstad, J.)
• Square Butte Electric Cooperative v. Dohn, 1974 ND 64 (1974, Erickstad, J.)
• Christman v. Emineth, 1973 ND 59 (1973, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…pplying to ownership of mineral rights reserved in deeds, and not covering ownership of mineral rights, including coal, otherwise conveyed or transferred, they grant privileges and immunities to classes of citizens not granted to all citizens, in violation of Section 20 of the Constitution of the State of North Dakota; (b) That they violate Section 11 of the State Constitution requiring that all laws of a general nature be uniform in operation; (c) That they impair the obligation o…”
• Murray v. Mutschelknaus (State, Intervenors), 1940 ND 9 (1940, Morris, J.)
• State ex rel. Cleveringa v. Klein, 1933 ND 44 (1933, Burr, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…ed" an additional "period of two years from the date of the passage and approval of the Act" for redemption "in addition to such period of redemption already enjoyed by such mortgagor or judgment debtor," on the foreclosure already had, and therefore violates section 20 of the State Constitution. Petitioner contends that, if this law extends the period of redemption from the foreclosure involved herein, it impairs the obligations of the contract involved, that the contract of mortgage…”

• Adoption of J.D.F. (Confidential), 2009 ND 21 (2009, Maring, J.) · construes
  • ¶ 17: “…foul of the equal protection provision of our state constitution." *Id.* at 563. We held that "allowing an indigent parent an opportunity to receive assistance of appointed counsel to protect parental rights is a 'privilege' within the meaning of Article I, Section 21." *Id.* We explained that this privilege was not granted "upon the same terms" to indigent parents who face Adoption Act proceedings to terminate their parental rights. It makes no difference to parents whether t…”
• Adoption of S.A.L., 2002 ND 178 (2002, Sandstrom, J.)
• Matter of Adoption of KAS, 1993 ND 70 (1993, Levine, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…state constitution. Long viewed as our state constitutional guarantee of equal protection under the law [see, e.g., Hanson v. Williams County, 389 N.W.2d 319, 323 n. 8 (N.D.1986); State ex rel. Olson v. Maxwell, 259 N.W.2d 621, 627 (N.D.1977) ], Article I, Section 21 of the North Dakota Constitution says: “Section 21. No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of…”
• Hospital Services, Inc. v. Brooks, 1975 ND 16 (1975, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…Hospital claim was assigned to Hospital Services, Inc., which commenced an action against Mr. Brooks. As framed by the parties, the issue before this Court is whether Section 25—09—04 of the North Dakota Century Code violates the provisions of Section 11 and Section 20 of Article I of the Constitution of the State of North Dakota and Article XIV, Section 1, of the United States Constitution. Previous to its amendment in 1971, Section 25—09—04, N.D.C.C., read: ‘25—09—04. Responsible re…”
• Special Education Division of the Department of Public Instruction v. G. H., 1974 ND 30 (1974, Vogel, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…rovide educational opportunity for handicapped children (except those, if any there are, who cannot benefit at all from it) is an unconstitutional violation of the foregoing constitutional provisions, as well as Section 11 of the North Dakota Constitution and Section 20 of the North Dakota Constitution, which provide that all laws of a general nature shall have a uniform operation and that no class of citizens shall be granted privileges or immunities which upon the same terms shall no…”
• Estate of Jensen, 1968 ND 49 (1968, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…h shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Section 20 of the North Dakota Constitution reads: No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citizens be…”
• Collette v. Matejcek, 1966 ND 73 (1966, Teigen, J.)
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 57-178 (1957)

• Musick v. Levi, 2015 ND 292 (2015, per curiam)
• State v. Erickson, 1995 ND 115 (1995, Sandstrom, J.)
• State v. Nording, 1992 ND 99 (1992, Meschke, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…g to the State Hospital for custody, and authorized forced medication for his treatment. On appeal, Nording argues that his constitutional rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution1 and Article I, Section 21 of the North Dakota Constitution2 were infringed because he was not afforded the same rights and procedures under NDCC Ch. 12.1–04.1 as persons involuntarily committed to treatment facilities by civil proceedings under…”
• State v. Kainz, 1982 ND 98 (1982, Sand, J.)
• State ex rel. Olson v. Maxwell, 1977 ND 113 (1977, Vogel, J.)
• State v. Hanson, 1977 ND 75 (1977, Vogel, J.)
• State v. Allred, 1977 ND 61 (1977, Erickstad, J.)
• Gableman v. Hjelle, 1974 ND 105 (1974, Paulson, J.)
• State v. Norton, 1934 ND 48 (1934, Burke, J.) · quotes the provision
  • “…onable and legitimate basis for distinction and permit classification of prospective jurors. While under our Constitution no citizen or class of citizens may "be granted privileges or immunities which upon the same terms shall not be granted to all citizens" (section 20 of the Constitution), this does not prevent legislative classification so long as such classification rests upon some difference which bears a true and just relation to the act in reference to which the classification i…”
• State ex rel. Temple v. Barnes, 1911 ND 72 (1911, Spalding, J.)

• Kuhn v. Beede, 1976 ND 119 (1976, Paulson, J.)
• Melland v. Johanneson, 1968 ND 30 (1968, Erickstad, J.) · quotes the provision
• State ex rel. Paulson v. Meier, 1964 ND 19 (1964, Morris, J.)
• State ex rel. Kjelden v. Horne, 1959 ND 37 (1959, Morris, J.)
• City of Fargo v. Sathre, Atty. Gen. of North Dakota, 1949 ND 4 (1949, Nuessle, J.)

• Rath v. Rath, et al., 2022 ND 105 (2022, Jensen, J.) · quotes the provision
  • ¶ 35: “…all have remedy by due process of law, and right and justice administered without sale, denial or delay. Suits may be brought against the state in such manner, in such courts, and in such cases, as the legislative assembly may, by law, direct. Article I, section 21, of the North Dakota Constitution provides: No special privileges or immunities shall ever be granted which may not be altered, revoked or repealed by the legislative assembly; nor shall any citizen or class of citi…”
• N.D. Att'y Gen.: N.D. Op. Att'y Gen. 2004-L-61 (2004)
• Gourneau v. Smith, 1973 ND 18 (1973, Strutz, J.)

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